As is well known among even the most casual readers of the
Gospels, Matthew’s story about the birth of Jesus differs from Luke’s. While
Luke focuses on Mary, the beginning chapters of Matthew’s Gospel focus on
Joseph. What might we learn from what Matthew tells us about Joseph?
First, Matthew tells us that Joseph is a righteous man, and he
tells us this in the context of Joseph discovering that his betrothed is having
a child that is not his. Joseph’s discovery of this leads him to believe that
Mary has been unfaithful to him. But, what makes him righteous?
Joseph is righteous because he is obedient to the law, and that
law directs him to take one of two actions in regards to Mary. He can either
have Mary stoned or he can divorce her. Joseph chooses to divorce Mary.
But notice that he chooses to do so quietly, not wanting to
bring shame on Mary. His continual love for her and his just character causes
him to decide that a quiet, non-public separation is best. Yet, he is still
resolute to dissolve the marital contract.
All of this changes, however, through the visitation of an
angel to Joseph in a dream. The dream that comes to Joseph, and the message
delivered by the angel, speaks about God’s quickly approaching future. The
angel says,
“Joseph, son of David, do not be
afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the child conceived in her is from the
Holy Spirit. She will bear a son, and you are to name him Jesus, for he will
save his people from their sins.”
Joseph’s dream forces a decision. Does he continue his plans to
divorce Mary in secret, or does he believe that God is doing something new, now
that he has heard this unbelievable story from the angel? And for that matter,
why must Joseph take Mary as his wife? The reason this plot line is important
may be found in the way the angel addresses Joseph as “son of David.”
This title eventually becomes an important title for Jesus, but
it becomes very important here in relation to Joseph and his role as Mary’s
husband and Jesus’ future proxy father. To understand this, we need to back up
to the opening of Matthew’s Gospel where the author begins with the genealogy
of Jesus.
What is important in the genealogy for what the angel tells
Joseph is the emphasis on David within the lineage of Jesus. Matthew is very
concerned to narrate his story of Jesus as the fulfillment of the Hebrew
Scriptures, and particularly as it relates to the prophecies that the messiah
will be in the line of David. But how is this possible if Joseph is not the
father of Jesus, which, according to Matthew and Joseph, he is not?
It is possible because Joseph does take Mary as his wife and
when she does give birth, Joseph names the baby just as the angel instructed
him to do. When Joseph names Jesus, he takes on the role of father and he
becomes the one who cares for and protects Mary and the child.
Think about this for a moment. If Jesus is the messiah, the son
of David, then it is imperative that Joseph take on the role of father of
Jesus. If he does not, then Matthew’s genealogy of Jesus crumbles and Matthew’s
whole narrative about Jesus falls apart. And if Joseph does not take Mary as
his wife, this
places God’s plan at risk and the promises of the past may not be fulfilled.
All that Matthew has said, all that the gospel promises, hinges not just
on the providence of God, but on the decision of Joseph in response to that
strange dream.
This story involving Joseph, a mere and unknown mortal, critiques our traditional
and accepted understandings of God, causing us to consider God’s vulnerability.
To me, this narrative tells of a God who risks.
We could even look at this whole story of Joseph and Mary and ask, “Why
these two?” Why this unknown couple, about whom we still no very little, except
that they were part of the lower class of Israel?
I’m not sure I have good answers to these questions, but perhaps the best
answer is found in what the angel tells Joseph about the coming child.
“Look, the virgin shall conceive and
bear a son, and they shall name him Emmanuel,” which means, “God is with us.”
Perhaps in making this statement about the name Emmanuel, the
angel is saying to Joseph, and to all of us who hear this story, that God does
not simply desire to intervene in our world like a master, but that God desires
to interact with us in loving relationship.
Moreover, maybe God so desires to be with us that in choosing
to come as one of us, God took on the most vulnerable existence. In being
Emmanuel, God with us, Jesus would get his start in a pregnancy that carried
great social stigma, in a home of an impoverished couple, and in the frailty of
the first century Roman world. Not the start that any of us would want for any
of our children, but God chooses this path of risk and vulnerability, and God
chooses and takes a chance with this little known man named Joseph.
That should make us all pause and reflect on whether or not we
are open to the improbable that God wants to do through us.
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